Neurology is the branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the nervous system, which include the brain, blood vessels, muscles, and nerves. Autonomic, central and peripheral nervous systems are the major areas of neurology. Diseases, disorders and injuries that involve the nervous systemoften require the care and treatment of a neurologist.
Neurobiology is the branch of biology that deals with the functions and structures of the nervous system. Specifically, neurobiology focuses on cells and tissues of the nervous system and the ways in which they can form structures and circuits (pathways) to control the body. This system includes common structures, such as the brain and the spinal cord, and the nerves. Neurobiology can be classified as a sub-discipline within the larger field of physiology.
Neurogenetics studies the role of genetics in the development and function of the nervous system. The field of neurogenetics arose out of advances in molecular biology, genetics and the desire to understand the connection between genes, behavior, the brain, and neurological disorders and diseases.
Neurosurgery is also known as neurological surgery. The medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment and recovery of conditions involving any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system and cerebrovascular system, is neurosurgery. As a result of highly crafted instruments, the biggest developments in neurosurgery came about. Chisels, curettes, power tools, elevators, dissectors, distractors, forceps, hooks, probes, impactors, suction tubes and robots are all modern neurosurgical tools or instruments. Most of these modern devices have been in medical practice for a very long time, such as chisels, elevators, forceps, hooks, impactors, and probes. Most neurosurgical disorders, including neuro-trauma and other neuro-emergencies such as intracranial hemorrhage, include neurosurgery generally.
Behavioral genetics is the story of how a person's genetic makeup, the environment they are exposed to affects that person's behavior. Technological advancements in genetic engineering in the 21st century have made it possible to measure and modify a person's genome which is key to behavioral genetics and later to the eugenics movement.
Neurological disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. In other words, the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscles. These disorders include epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, cerebrovascular disease including stroke, migraines and other headaches, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, neuroinfections, brain tumors, traumatic nervous system disorders due to head trauma and other neurological disorders as a result of malnutrition.